\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Theoretical backround}{1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1}The Quantum Tunneling Effect}{1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2}The STM Method}{2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3}Feedback Control System}{2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.4}The Lattice Structure of Graphite}{2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Experimental Setup}{4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Preparations}{4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.1.1}Cleaning the Graphite Sample}{4}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.1.2}Creation of the Tip and Approach of the Sample}{5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.1.3}Shielding from Vibrations}{5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}The STM Apparatus \& Software}{6}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}The Steering Electronics}{7}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Modes of Operation}{7}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}Settings}{7}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {2.2.4}Upward / Downward Imaging}{8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Experimental Results}{8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Experiment 1 - Upward vs Downward Imaging}{8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Experiment 2 - Changing the values step-by-step}{10}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Set-point}{10}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}P Gain and I Gain changing}{12}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Changing the time/line}{13}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Experiment 3 - Changing the image width}{14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}2nm standard values}{14}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}2 nm and 1 nm with changed set-point}{15}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.3}Changing the time/line to 0,1 s}{16}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}bravais lattice constant}{17}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Z-axis Spectroscopy}{18}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1}Preparation}{18}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.2}Data Analysis}{18}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Tip Voltage Spectroscopy}{22}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Preparation}{22}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2}Data Analysis}{23}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Measurements Using a Gold Sample}{26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1}Preparations}{26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2}Data Analysis}{27}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Error Discussion}{28}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9}Conclusion}{29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10}References}{29}
